This animation shows how a thermal cycler, or PCR machine, may be used to "cycle" through many rounds of DNA replication. This generates labeled DNA pieces (fragments) that end at every conceivable position. In the case of our own Licor 4300 DNA analyzer however, the new fragments will all be labeled with the same DNA dye. Since fragments ending in G, A, T and C now all have the same "color", we cannot run all 4 types of fragments in a single lane. Instead, we need to run the G, A, T and C reactions side-by-side to create an old-fashioned ladder.
This website is a very good website designed for learners of English.The articles are carefully chosen and rewritten, so that they can be more easily understood. In addition, each article has a vocabulary list at the end.