13-22 Amendments
Amendment XIII.**
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist
within the United States, or any place subject to
their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XIV.***
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in
the United States and subject to the jurisdiction
thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the
State wherein they reside. No State shall make or
enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges
* Superseded by section 3 of the Twentieth Amendment.
** The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified December 6,
*** The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified July 9, 1868.
or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor
shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or
property, without due process of law; nor deny
to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection
of the laws.
Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned
among the several States according to their
respective numbers, counting the whole number
of persons in each State, excluding Indians not
taxed. But when the right to vote at any election
for the choice of electors for President and Vice
President of the United States, Representatives in
Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a
State, or the members of the Legislature thereof,
is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such
State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens
of the United States, or in any way abridged, except
for participation in rebellion, or other crime,
the basis of representation therein shall be reduced
in the proportion which the number of such male
citizens shall bear to the whole number of male
citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or
Representative in Congress, or elector of President
and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military,
under the United States, or under any State,
who, having previously taken an oath, as a member
of Congress, or as an officer of the United
States, or as a member of any State legislature, or
as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to
support the Constitution of the United States, shall
have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against
the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies
thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds
of each House, remove such disability.
Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the
United States, authorized by law, including debts
incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for
services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion,
shall not be questioned. But neither the United
States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt
or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion
against the United States, or any claim for
the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such
debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal
and void.
Section 5. The Congress shall have power to
enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions
of this article.
Amendment XV.*
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by
the United States or by any State on account of
race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to
enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XVI.**
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect
taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived,
without apportionment among the several
States, and without regard to any census or
enumeration.
Amendment XVII.***
The Senate of the United States shall be composed
of two Senators from each State, elected by
the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator
shall have one vote. The electors in each State
shall have the qualifications requisite for electors
* The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified February 3, 1870.
** The Sixteenth Amendment was ratified February 3, 1913.
*** The Seventeenth Amendment was ratified April 8, 1913.
of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation
of any State in the Senate, the executive authority
of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such
vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State
may empower the executive thereof to make temporary
appointments until the people fill the
vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as
to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen
before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
Amendment XVIII.*
[Section 1. After one year from the ratification
of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation
of intoxicating liquors within, the importation
thereof into, or the exportation thereof from
the United States and all territory subject to the
jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby
prohibited.
Section 2. The Congress and the several States
shall have concurrent power to enforce this article
by appropriate legislation.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless
it shall have been ratified as an amendment
to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several
States, as provided in the Constitution, within
seven years from the date of the submission hereof
to the States by the Congress.]
*The Eighteenth Amendment was ratified January 16,
- It was repealed by the Twenty-First Amendment,
December 5, 1933.
Amendment XIX.*
The right of citizens of the United States to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United
States or by any State on account of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
Amendment XX.**
Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice
President shall end at noon on the 20th day of
January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives
at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years
in which such terms would have ended if this article
had not been ratified; and the terms of their
successors shall then begin.
Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least
once in every year, and such meeting shall begin
at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall
by law appoint a different day.
Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning
of the term of the President, the President
elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall
become President. If a President shall not have
been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning
of his term, or if the President elect shall have
failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall
act as President until a President shall have qualified;
and the Congress may by law provide for the
case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice
President elect shall have qualified, declaring who
shall then act as President, or the manner in which
one who is to act shall be selected, and such per-
*The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified August 18,
**The Twentieth Amendment was ratified January 23,
son shall act accordingly until a President or Vice
President shall have qualified.
Section 4. The Congress may by law provide
for the case of the death of any of the persons from
whom the House of Representatives may choose
a President whenever the right of choice shall have
devolved upon them, and for the case of the death
of any of the persons from whom the Senate may
choose a Vice President whenever the right of
choice shall have devolved upon them.
Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on
the 15th day of October following the ratification
of this article.
Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless
it shall have been ratified as an amendment
to the Constitution by the legislatures of threefourths
of the several States within seven years
from the date of its submission.
Amendment XXI.*
Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment
to the Constitution of the United States is
hereby repealed.
Section 2. The transportation or importation
into any State, Territory, or possession of the
United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating
liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is
hereby prohibited.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless
it shall have been ratified as an amendment
to the Constitution by conventions in the several
States, as provided in the Constitution, within
seven years from the date of the submission hereof
to the States by the Congress.
*The Twenty-First Amendment was ratified December
5, 1933.
Amendment XXII.*
Section 1. No person shall be elected to the
office of the President more than twice, and no person
who has held the office of President, or acted
as President, for more than two years of a term to
which some other person was elected President
shall be elected to the office of the President more
than once. But this Article shall not apply to any
person holding the office of President when this
Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall
not prevent any person who may be holding the
office of President, or acting as President, during
the term within which this Article becomes operative
from holding the office of President or acting
as President during the remainder of such
term.
Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless
it shall have been ratified as an amendment
to the Constitution by the legislatures of threefourths
of the several States within seven years
from the date of its submission to the States by the
Congress.
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