Study Guide Chapters 7 and 8

Pearson “The World of Art”

Chapters 7 and 8

Study guide

 

 

Chapter 7 – The Principles of Design

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1. Hokusai’s The Great Wave makes a statement about scale, in part because
2. a) everyone in Japan knows the scale of Mount Fuji.
3. b) any black-and-white art causes scale to feel reduced.
4. c) the print is 86 inches in height.
5. d) the print presents nature in relation to the human figure.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.3 Differentiate between scale and proportion.

Topic: Scale and Proportion

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

2. Chartres Cathedral’s rose window best illustrates
3. a) radial balance.
4. b) asymmetry.
5. c) asymmetrical balance.
6. d) the canonical façade.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

3. In Enguerrand Quarton’s Coronation of the Virgin, the artist has organized the design of the composition to emphasize the most important part of the composition, which is the
4. a) crucifix.
5. b) virgin.
6. c) crown.
7. d) landscape.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

4. The Taj Mahal is a perfect example of
5. a) symmetrical balance.
6. b) asymetrical balance.
7. c) actual texture.
8. d) radial balance.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

5. Where is the focal point in the Baroque painting Joseph the Carpenter by Georges de La Tour?
6. a) in the child’s (Jesus’) face
7. b) Joseph’s left foot
8. c) Joseph’s right hand
9. d) the upper left part of the composition

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain the relationship between emphasis and focal point.

Topic: Emphasis and Focal Point

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

6. Which of these pieces best illustrates the use of variety over unity?
7. a) Louise Lawler’s Pollock and Tureen
8. b) Laylah Ali’s Untitled
9. c) Leonardo da Vinci, Study of Human Proportion: The Vitruvian Man
10. d) Auguste Rodin’s The Three Shades

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.5 Discuss the traditional relationship between unity and variety, and why postmodern artists have tended to emphasize variety over unity.

Topic: Unity and Variety

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

7. In the kente cloths of the Asante and Ewe societies of Ghana, pattern is associated with
8. a) social prestige and wealth.
9. b) hunting.
10. c) childbirth.
11. d) food preparation.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the relationship between pattern, repetition, and rhythm.

Topic: Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

8. The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan
9. a) as a mausoleum for his favorite wife.
10. b) as a museum to house cultural objects of great value.
11. c) for use as a mosque.
12. d) as a pilgrimage site.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

9. Jan Vermeer’s Woman Holding a Balance is a perfect example of
10. a) an asymmetrically balanced composition.
11. b) variety over unity
12. c) rhythm and repetition.
13. d) a symmetrical composition.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

10. When an artist deliberately avoids emphasis, we say that the work is
11. a) afocal.
12. b) radially balanced.
13. c) postmodern.
14. d) multilateral.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain the relationship between emphasis and focal point.

Topic: Emphasis and Focal Point

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

11. In Vermeer’s Woman Holding a Balance, a painting on the wall behind the woman depicts
12. a) the Last Judgment.
13. b) the Annunciation.
14. c) Moses at the burning bush.
15. d) the Crucifixion.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

12. In her painting Still Life with Lobster, Anna Vallayer-Coster establishes emphasis through
13. a) the manipulation of light and color.
14. b) the use of scale.
15. c) the reliance on asymmetrical balance.
16. d) the strong subject matter.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain the relationship between emphasis and focal point.

Topic: Emphasis and Focal Point

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

13. What idea was made famous by the ancient Greeks as a model of architectural proportion?
14. a) canon
15. b) Doryphorus
16. c) mathematical harmony
17. d) golden section

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.3 Differentiate between scale and proportion

Topic: Scale and Proportion

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

14. When dealing with balance in a composition, an artist or designer is actually dealing with
15. a) visual weight.
16. b) actual weight.
17. c) proportion.
18. d) the balance between form and content.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

15. In Frida Kahlo’s The Two Fridas, to what purpose does the artist use symmetry?
16. a) to explore feelings about her husband’s rejection of her
17. b) to explore feelings about her physical health
18. c) to celebrate a Catholic wedding ceremony
19. d) to illustrate a costume party

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

 

 

16. Repetition often implies monotony, yet it also creates a sense of
17. a) rhythm.
18. b) scale.
19. c) imbalance.
20. d) boring disruption.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the relationship between pattern, repetition, and rhythm.

Topic: Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

17. When each side of a composition is exactly the same, it shows
18. a) absolute symmetry.
19. b) asymmetrical balance.
20. c) perfect proportion.
21. d) visual weight.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

18. The dimensions of an object, in relation to some constant, such as the human figure, are known as its
19. a) scale.
20. b) balance.
21. c) proportions.
22. d) key.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.3 Differentiate between scale and proportion.

Topic: Scale and Proportion

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

19. Proportion is defined as
20. a) the relationship between the parts of a composition and the whole.
21. b) the comparative size of a thing in relation to another like thing.
22. c) any solid that occupies a three-dimensional volume.
23. d) a flat two-dimensional area.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.3 Differentiate between scale and proportion.

Topic: Scale and Proportion

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

20. Frank Gehry has been called a postmodern architect, primarily because
21. a) he purposely creates a sense of discontinuity by employing variety over unity.
22. b) his buildings were created “after modernism.”
23. c) he uses architectural elements from different time periods.
24. d) he prioritizes unity over variety.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 7.5 Discuss the traditional relationship between unity and variety, and why postmodern artists have tended to emphasize variety over unity.

Topic: Unity and Variety

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

Short Answer and Essay Questions

 

21. How does Vlado Mulunić’s and Frank Gehry’s design of the Rasin Building in Prague an example of postmodernism?

Answer: The architects established a sense of connection and discontinuity between the two parts, that is, the two towers that constitute the building. One tower looks like it is leaning, while the other tower looks like it is holding up the first tower. The towers appear to be dancing together. They are not meant to blend into a harmonious whole but rather emphasize change and variety.

Learning Objective: 7.5 Discuss the traditional relationship between unity and variety, and why postmodern artists have tended to emphasize variety over unity.

Topic: Unity and Variety

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

22. Define the three different types of balance in artistic compositions.

Answer: These are symmetrical balance, in which the two sides mirror each other; asymmetrical balance, when the two sides lack symmetry; and radial balance, in which all the forms radiate outward from a single point.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

23. Explain the purpose of patterns in medieval illuminated texts, and describe the pattern motif on the Cross page from the Lindisfarne Gospels.

Answer: The patterns beautify the sacred text. The Cross page of the Lindisfarne Gospels portrays the Celtic Cross in a checkerboard pattern that includes interlaced ribbons and fighting animals.

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the relationship between pattern, repetition, and rhythm.

Topic: Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

24. Define the difference between scale and proportion in art objects.

Answer: “Scale” refers to the relative size of an art object, that is, the dimensions of an object in relation to the original object it depicts or in relation to the objects around it. “Proportion” refers to the relationship between the parts of an object and the whole.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Differentiate between scale and proportion.

Topic: Scale and Proportion

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

25. Describe the materials used by contemporary African sculptor El Anatsui in works that are influenced by kente cloth.

Answer: He uses discarded aluminum caps and seals from liquor bottles that he flattens and shapes.

Learning Objective: 7.4 Describe the relationship between pattern, repetition, and rhythm.

Topic: Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

 

 

26. Describe how Andrea Palladio’s Villa La Rotonda employs balance.

Answer: The villa is defined by its radial balance, with a central domed rotunda with porches radiating from each of its four sides.

Learning Objective: 7.1 Define symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance.

Topic: Balance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

27. Use examples from the chapter to define the term “postmodernism.” Include a discussion of Robert Venturi and the Las Vegas strip.

Answer:

1. Postmodernism is associated with disjunction.
2. This disjunction is exemplified in the two towers in Gehry’s and Milunić’s Rasin Building, which move in different directions yet remain connected.
3. Robert Venturi’s 1972 book on Las Vegas described the collision of styles, signs, and symbols of the American “strip” as a new sort of unity.
4. The new unity is considered postmodern in that it includes everything, whereas as traditional art excludes elements not considered “artful.”

Learning Objective: 7.5 Discuss the traditional relationship between unity and variety, and why postmodern artists have tended to emphasize variety over unity.

Topic: Unity and Variety

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

28. Discuss how Kara Walker uses scale in A Subtlety: The Marvelous Sugar Baby and explain the ideas she expresses in this sculpture.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. Walker uses gigantic scale to parody the carved sugar centerpieces on upper-class tables, including those of plantation owners.
2. Sugar becomes white when it is refined, and Kara coats this sculpture with refined sugar to allude to the pressure placed on former slaves to integrate into American society.
3. By making the sculpture large and shaped like a sphinx, Walker draws attention to the magnitude of the sociopolitical crisis that was slavery.
4. By making gigantic what might be considered merely sweet, Walker underscores the human cost of the sugar industry.

Learning Objective: 7.3 Differentiate between scale and proportion.

Topic: Scale and Proportion

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

29. In the painting Las Meninas, explain how Diego Velázquez establishes more than one focal point.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. There are numerous focal points. One is formed by the infanta, who appears the center of the composition, is brightly illuminated, and is bracketed by two ladies-in-waiting.
2. The dwarf (also a maid of honor), the painter, and the infanta herself look outside the painting in our direction, at what appears to be the king and queen entering the room and who seem to be reflected in a mirror on the back wall. Perhaps the artist is painting their portrait, and thus they would be a focal point.
3. Perhaps we are looking at a mirror reflection of the artist painting the infanta, and the royal couple is entering the room to observe.
4. Perhaps the king and queen are not there at all, and we see a painted portrait of them on the wall.
5. The painting seems to depict a work-in-progress.

Learning Objective: 7.2 Explain the relationship between emphasis and focal point.

Topic: The Creative Process

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

Chapter 8 – Drawing

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1. Who drew Banana Flower?
2. a) Georgia O’Keeffe
3. b) Edgar Degas
4. c) Liang Kai
5. d) Henri Matisse

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

2. In Käthe Kollwitz’s Self-Portrait, Drawing, the artist has revealed the expressive capabilities of which medium?
3. a) charcoal
4. b) pen and ink
5. c) fresco
6. d) the computer

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

3. The Artist’s Mother is a work by which artist?
4. a) Georges Seurat
5. b) Georgia O’Keeffe
6. c) Elisabetta Sirani
7. d) William Kentridge

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

 

 

4. According to Sayre, Jean Dubuffet’s Corps de Dame can be read as
5. a) an attack on academic figure drawing.
6. b) an appreciation of the female nude.
7. c) a depiction of a femme fatale.
8. d) a casual doodle.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid drawing media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

5. Art Spiegelman’s Maus: A Survivor’s Tale uses drawing to depict human beings in what form?
6. a) animals
7. b) children
8. c) giants
9. d) stick figures

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.3 Give some examples of how drawing can be an innovative medium.

Topic: Innovative Drawing Media

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

6. Whitfield Lovell’s Whispers from the Walls is an example of
7. a) installation art.
8. b) traditional sculpture.
9. c) printmaking.
10. d) traditional painting.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.3 Give some examples of how drawing can be an innovative medium.

Topic: Innovative Drawing Media

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

7. What is the narrative related by Marjane Satrapi in the graphic novel Persepolis?
8. a) It is the author’s story of growing up in Iran and the difficulties she faced as Western and Eastern cultures collided.
9. b) It tells of the fall of the Persians to the Athenians and Spartans in the fifth century BCE.
10. c) It recounts the story of the rise of the Persian Empire under Darius.
11. d) It is the story of a girl who believes she has become a superhero.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.3 Give some examples of how drawing can be an innovative medium.

Topic: Innovative Drawing Media

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

8. Where did Marjane Satrapi draw the title of her graphic novel Persepolis?
9. a) from the ceremonial capital of ancient Persia
10. b) from the present-day capital of Iran
11. c) from the comic book name for New York City
12. d) from her imagination

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.3 Give some examples of how drawing can be an innovative medium.

Topic: Innovative Drawing Media

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

9. Leonardo da Vinci made a drawing, Madonna and Child with St. Anne and Infant St. John the Baptist, as a preparatory guide for a fresco or painting of the same title. This type of drawing is called
10. a) a cartoon.
11. b) a wash.
12. c) dry media.
13. d) an edition.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.1 Discuss the history of drawing in the Italian Renaissance and how it came to be considered an art in its own right.

Topic: From Preparatory Sketch to Finished Work of Art

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

10. By the end of the fifteenth century, artists and collectors such as Vasari had come to recognize that drawings could
11. a) embody the artist’s creative genius.
12. b) replace fresco painting.
13. c) sell for as much as paintings sold for.
14. d) be made just as quickly as prints.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.1 Discuss the history of drawing in the Italian Renaissance and how it came to be considered an art in its own right.

Topic: From Preparatory Sketch to Finished Work of Art

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

11. Dry drawing media consists of coloring agents, which are mixed with what to hold them together?
12. a) binders
13. b) pigments
14. c) grouts
15. d) media

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

12. A popular drawing medium during the Renaissance consisted of a stylus of gold, silver, or other metal that was dragged across a prepared ground of lead white, bone, and water. This process was called
13. a) metalpoint.
14. b) terazzii.
15. c) graphite drawing.
16. d) conte crayon.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

13. The artist who felt that a cut line made with scissors could acquire more feeling than a pencil or charcoal was
14. a) Henri Matisse.
15. b) Frank Auerbach.
16. c) Whitfield Lovell.
17. d) Liang Kai.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.3 Give some examples of how drawing can be an innovative medium.

Topic: Innovative Drawing Media

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

14. When ink is diluted with water and applied in broad flat areas, the result is called a
15. a) wash.
16. b) cartoon.
17. c) sketch.
18. d) sinopie.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid drawing media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understanding the Concepts

 

 

15. Which of the following is a form of soft carbon discovered in England in 1564?
16. a) graphite
17. b) charcoal
18. c) conte
19. d) metalpoint

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid drawing media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

 

 

16. Vija Celmin’s Untitled (Ocean) is an example of
17. a) a photorealist graphite drawing.
18. b) a chalk preparatory study.
19. c) a pen and ink drawing.
20. d) a paper collage.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid drawing media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

17. When did artists in the Western world first have ready access to paper?
18. a) in Italy in the early Renaissance
19. b) in the time of Caesar Augustus in Rome
20. c) 5,000 years ago in Egypt
21. d) 200 years ago in Philadelphia

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.1 Discuss the history of drawing in the Italian Renaissance and how it came to be considered an art in its own right.

Topic: From Preparatory Sketch to Finished Work of Art

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

18. The word paper is derived from
19. a) Egyptian
20. b) Spanish
21. c) German
22. d) Greek

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.1 Discuss the history of drawing in the Italian Renaissance and how it came to be considered an art in its own right.

Topic: From Preparatory Sketch to Finished Work of Art

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

 

 

19. What was early paper in the West made of?
20. a) cloth rags
21. b) grass
22. c) papyrus
23. d) bark

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.1 Discuss the history of drawing in the Italian Renaissance and how it came to be considered an art in its own right.

Topic: From Preparatory Sketch to Finished Work of Art

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

20. The chief advantage of oilstick over pastels is that they
21. a) offer more gestural freedom.
22. b) are water soluble.
23. c) are nontoxic.
24. d) easier to erase.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid drawing media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

21. Which of these statements about drawing is NOT true?
22. a) It is now, and always has been, exclusively, a means of pure representation.
23. b) It was historically used as a preliminary study for paintings or sculptures.
24. c) In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, drawings began to be preserved by artists and collected by connoisseurs.
25. d) Because of its directness and accessibility, drawing is a quick means of expression.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 8.3 Give some examples of how drawing can be an innovative medium.

Topic: Innovative Drawing Media

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

Short Answer and Essay Questions

 

22. Name the artist who is thought to have been the most proficient and inventive pastel artist, and describe how this artist’s pastels were proficient and innovative.

Answer: The artist is Edgar Degas. He captured the immediacy of contemporary life by building up layers of loose, sketchy strokes of pastel, innovatively using a fixative to preserve the medium’s intense colors.

Learning Objective: 8.3 Give some examples of how drawing can be an innovative medium.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

23. Distinguish between the two categories of drawing materials, and name two media from each category.

Answer: The two categories are dry media (metalpoint, chalk, charcoal, graphite, etc.), in which pigments, sometimes ground or mixed with dry binders, are applied to the surface of a work, and wet media (pen and ink, wash and brush), in which pigments are suspended in a liquid binder and applied to a surface with a pen or a brush.

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid drawing media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

24. What are the advantages of using wet drawing media over using dry media?

Answer: Liquid media flow more easily onto the surface than media such as chalk or metalpoint, allowing more expressive spontaneity. Compared to using some dry media, such as metalpoint, using wet media can be a quicker process. By diluting the wet media, the artist can create washes to achieve more subtle shading effects.

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid drawing media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

25. What do artists apply to charcoal drawings to keep them from smudging?

Answer: They spray synthetic resin fixatives over the finished work.

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid drawing media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

26. Which artist created a series of drawings using chalk and charcoal on canvas, continuously erasing, wiping out, and rubbing the drawings? Name an example illustrated in the text.

Answer: Frank Auerbach, Head of Catherine Lampert VI

Learning Objective: 8.3 Give some examples of how drawing can be an innovative medium.

Topic: Innovative Drawing Media

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

27. Discuss the Chinese tradition of drawing with a brush.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. The technique affords a sense of immediacy and spontaneity.
2. The soft brush tip allows artists to control the width of the lines.
3. The expressiveness and width of the lines can also be varied by diluting in ink.
4. This technique can be related to the long tradition of drawing with the brush in Chinese calligraphy.

Learning Objective: 8.2 Distinguish between dry and liquid drawing media and list examples of each.

Topic: Drawing Materials

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

28. Discuss the significance of drawing as an art medium during the Renaissance.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. It allowed artists to study poses and body parts from life to use for a work of another medium.
2. It allowed artists to make life studies of motifs to use in a finished composition.
3. It allowed artists to make preparatory sketches of entire compositions.
4. It allowed artists to provide a cartoon of the finished composition to be executed in another medium.

Learning Objective: 8.1 Discuss the history of drawing in the Italian Renaissance and how it came to be considered an art in its own right.

Topic: From Preparatory Sketch to Finished Work of Art

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

29. Identify the purposes of drawing throughout history.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. to create preparatory studies, working out motifs and compositions for execution in another medium
2. to provide a final guide, in the form of a cartoon, to follow in creating a work in another medium
3. to use in illustrating comic books and graphic novels
4. to create independent works of art, such as images in pastel

Learning Objective: 8.1 Discuss the history of drawing in the Italian Renaissance and how it came to be considered an art in its own right.

Topic: From Preparatory Sketch to Finished Work of Art; Drawing Materials; Innovative Drawing Media

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

30. Explain how Henri Matisse and William Kentridge extended the boundaries of traditional drawing media.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. Matisse cut paper to create compositions, combining the cutting technique with the act of gluing to a surface.
2. Matisse combined the effects of painting with color with the properties of paper, a support associated with drawing.
3. Kentridge employs his drawings to create animated films, a modern medium.
4. Kentridge builds up his films with single drawings in charcoal and pastel, which he alters with erasure, additions, and redrawings that are photographed. Instead of being constructed from drawings, Kentridge’s films are constructed from photographs of drawings in process.

Learning Objective: 8.3 Give some examples of how drawing can be an innovative medium.

Topic: Innovative Drawing Media

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts