Study guide 17-18

Chapter 17 – The Age of Faith

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1. Built by Justinian in the first half of the sixth century, what church was probably conceived as a political and religious statement?
2. a) San Vitale
3. b) St. Apollinaire
4. c) Santa Costanza
5. d) Hagia Sophia

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

2. The medium for Theodora and Her Attendants is
3. a) mosaic.
4. b) fresco.
5. c) encaustic.
6. d) tempera.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

3. Designed to capture the rhythms of the cosmos, Kandariya Mahadeva remains a
4. a) major Hindu temple.
5. b) shrine to Buddha.
6. c) shrine to Shiva.
7. d) major Islamic mosque.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.4 Describe how Indian art and architecture reflect the Hindu religion, and how the Buddhist faith is evident in the arts of China and Japan.

Topic: Developments in Asia

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

4. Which church’s name means “Holy Wisdom”?
5. a) Hagia Sophia
6. b) Compostela
7. c) Pisa Cordoba
8. d) Pisano Vedas

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

5. The hinged clasp from the Sutton Hoo burial ship features what distinguishing characteristic of the art of migrating peoples of the Middle Ages?
6. a) a focus on animal style
7. b) a focus on religious subject matter
8. c) the use of metal
9. d) a craft tradition

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.3 Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles.

Topic: Christian Art in Europe

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

6. The Head of a King (Oni) comes from
7. a) the Ife culture in present-day Nigeria.
8. b) the Olmec culture in Mesoamerica.
9. c) the Harappan culture of India.
10. d) the Hopewell culture of North America.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe some of the characteristic works of the Ife, Shona, and Zagwe cultures.

Topic: The Cultures of Africa

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

 

 

7. The Djingareyber Mosque in Timbuktu is constructed from what materials?
8. a) burnt brick and mud
9. b) polished marble
10. c) stone and red brick
11. d) plain brick and mosaic

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the origins of the mosque and describe its chief features.

Topic: The Rise of Islam

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

8. Muslim architecture, like the mosque at Córdoba, uses what to create a strong visual impression?
9. a) repetition and rhythm
10. b) light through stained glass
11. c) soaring interior spaces lit by high clerestory windows
12. d) proportions based on the golden section

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the origins of the mosque and describe its chief features.

Topic: The Rise of Islam

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

9. The manuscript page of St. Matthew from the Gospel Book of Charlemagne is an excellent example of
10. a) Carolingian art.
11. b) Gothic art.
12. c) Islamic art.
13. d) Hindu art.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.3 Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles.

Topic: Christian Art in Europe

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

10. The earliest Christian churches were patterned after basilicas used by the Romans as
11. a) public buildings.
12. b) temples.
13. c) baths.
14. d) palaces.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

11. The art of sculpture popular during ancient Roman times reemerged during what period?
12. a) Romanesque
13. b) Egyptian
14. c) Carolingian
15. d) Greek

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.3 Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles.

Topic: Christian Art in Europe

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

12. How can Gothic architecture be distinguished from the earlier, Romanesque style?
13. a) in its use of stained glass
14. b) in its use of barrel vaulting
15. c) in its curved arches
16. d) in its use of domes

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.3 Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles.

Topic: Christian Art in Europe

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

13. A feature that became a required element for Muslim mosques is the
14. a) hypostyle space.
15. b) flying buttress.
16. c) stained-glass window.
17. d) tower.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the origins of the mosque and describe its chief features.

Topic: The Rise of Islam

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

14. The tremendous dome of Hagia Sophia is supported by
15. a) four pendentives.
16. b) brick walls.
17. c) four lintels.
18. d) a wooden framework.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

15. How can we distinguish Romanesque architecture from earlier architecture?
16. a) Vaulted ceilings were employed instead of flat roofs.
17. b) A new truss system was employed.
18. c) Flying buttresses were employed.
19. d) Pendentive arch ceilings were employed instead of columns.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.3 Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles.

Topic: Christian Art in Europe

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

16. What did flying buttresses allow the architecture of the Gothic church to do?
17. a) reach an extraordinary height
18. b) accommodate large crowds
19. c) support a dome
20. d) use stained glass

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.3 Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles.

Topic: Christian Art in Europe

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

17. Just as Christianity affected culture in the West after antiquity, which belief system affected culture in the East, effectively spreading from India, across all of Asia, to Japan?
18. a) Buddhism
19. b) Islam
20. c) Hinduism
21. d) Taoism

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.4 Describe how Indian art and architecture reflect the Hindu religion, and how the Buddhist faith is evident in the arts of China and Japan.

Topic: Developments in Asia

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

18. What was the main intention of Byzantine mosaic artists?
19. a) to create a symbolic, mystical art
20. b) to create naturalistic images
21. c) to glorify political leaders
22. d) to make aesthetically pleasing images

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

19. How would you characterize Byzantine architectural exteriors?
20. a) They were plain and unadorned.
21. b) They were incredibly ornate.
22. c) They utilized mosaic murals to relate stories from the Bible.
23. d) They were soaring structures that utilized flying buttresses for support.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

20. When was Islam founded?
21. a) In the seventh century CE
22. b) In the second century BCE
23. c) In the sixth century CE
24. d) In the fifth century BCE

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the origins of the mosque and describe its chief features.

Topic: The Rise of Islam

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

21. How can Gothic sculpture be distinguished from Romanesque sculpture?
22. a) It is much more naturalistic.
23. b) It is much bigger.
24. c) It is proportionally less accurate.
25. d) It is sculpted out of stone.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.3 Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles.

Topic: Christian Art in Europe

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

22. The Zagwe, an East African dynasty who reigned from the early twelfth century to 1270, produced massive churches that
23. a) were carved into the soft rock of the region.
24. b) were built with marble slabs.
25. c) were built with glazed clay bricks.

d were covered with frescoes and mosaics.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe some of the characteristic works of the Ife, Shona, and Zagwe cultures.

Topic: The Cultures of Africa

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

Short Answer and Essay Questions

 

23. What is the significance of the dancing Shiva in the large bronze and copper images made in southern India as early as the tenth and eleventh centuries?

Answer: Shiva embodies the rhythms of the universe, and he promised to dance in the hearts of his devotees as well as in his sacred grove in Tamil Nadu. In these images, he dances in a circle of fire, symbolic of creation and destruction, the cycle of birth, death, and reincarnation.

Learning Objective: 17.4 Describe how Indian art and architecture reflect the Hindu religion, and how the Buddhist faith is evident in the arts of China and Japan.

Topic: Developments in Asia

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

24. What was the significance to the Ife culture of the highly naturalistic brass sculptures depicting its rulers, such as the Head of a King?

Answer: This brass head of the king was of great importance as the head was seen as the home of the spirit. It symbolized the king’s capacity to organize the world, enabling the culture to prosper.

Learning Objective: 17.5 Describe some of the characteristic works of the Ife, Shona, and Zagwe cultures.

Topic: The Cultures of Africa

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

25. Describe the architectural form favored during the Tang dynasty in China.

Answer: This form is the pagoda, a multistoried structure of successively smaller, repeated stories, with projecting roofs at each story.

Learning Objective: 17.4 Describe how Indian art and architecture reflect the Hindu religion, and how the Buddhist faith is evident in the arts of China and Japan.

Topic: Developments in Asia

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

26. Describe the major religion practiced in Japan until the sixth century, and identify the religion that became dominant by 705.

Answer: Until the sixth century, the Japanese society practiced Shinto, which worshiped deities (kami) believed to inhabit aspects of nature such as trees. This set of beliefs was replaced by Buddhism as the state religion by 708.

Learning Objective: 17.4 Describe how Indian art and architecture reflect the Hindu religion, and how the Buddhist faith is evident in the arts of China and Japan.

Topic: Developments in Asia

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

27. In a Romanesque church, where was the most important sculptural work usually located, and what was a typical subject?

Answer: The sculpture, which often showed Christ and the Apostles or a scene of the Last Judgment, appeared in the tympanum, the semicircular arch above the lintel on the main door.

Learning Objective: 17.3 Describe the chief characteristics of the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic styles.

Topic: Christian Art in Europe

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

28. Describe the technique and effect of mosaic in Byzantine churches.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. To create a work in mosaic, small pieces of stone, glass, or tile, called tesserae, are arranged in a pattern or image.
2. Byzantine artists wanted to create a symbolic, mystical art.
3. Gold mosaic could be made by sandwiching gold leaf between two small squares of glass, and polished glass was also used.
4. Tesserae could be set unevenly, at different angles, to create a shimmering, transcendent effect, heightened by the light from the church windows.

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

29. Discuss the characteristics of Santa Costanza. Why is this structure significant?

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. Santa Costanza is a small mausoleum built for Constantine’s daughter.
2. It is circular in shape. Surrounding the circular space is an ambulatory used for ceremonial purposes.
3. It is topped by a dome supported by a barrel vault.
4. It defines the points of the traditional Greek cross, having four equal arms.
5. The circular form of this structure appears in later Byzantine architecture.

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

30. Discuss the mosaics in San Vitale with regard to Church and State.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. The mosaics show the Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora, bringing an offering of bread and wine for the Eucharist, with halos, identifying them with Christ and Mary.
2. Justinian is surrounded by twelve advisors, like Christ’s twelve disciples.
3. Theodora’s robe is embroidered with figures of the Magi bringing gifts to the Virgin and the Christ Child.
4. These images show that under Justinian, the Church and State are one and the same.

Learning Objective: 17.1 Describe the principal and decorative features of early Christian and Byzantine places of worship.

Topic: Early Christian and Byzantine Art

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

31. Identify the architectural elements of the Islamic mosque and discuss their significance.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. The mosque includes a multicolumned covered area, the hypostyle space, where worshipers gather for prayer.
2. It includes the qibla, a wall that indicates the direction of Mecca.
3. On the qibla is the minbar, or stepped pulpit for the preacher.
4. Also on the quibla is the mihrab, a niche commemorating the spot where Muhammad planted his lance in the direction people should pray.

Learning Objective: 17.2 Explain the origins of the mosque and describe its chief features.

Topic: The Rise of Islam

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

Chapter 18 – The Renaissance through the Baroque

 

Multiple Choice

 

1. A Nigerian ivory mask from the mid-fifteenth century refers to contact with the Portuguese by representing
2. a) a decorative design with mudfish.
3. b) a decorate pattern of intertwined muskets.
4. c) a sword.
5. d) a brass plaque

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.2 Discuss some of the ways that the encounter with other cultures impacted the long-established artistic traditions of China and Japan, the Americas, and Africa.

Topic: The Era of Encounter

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

2. Sandro Botticelli’s paintings, such as The Birth of Venus, reflect his interest in a philosophy called
3. a) Neoplatonism.
4. b) Enlightenment.
5. c) Neoclassicism.
6. d) Romanticism.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

3. Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa is thought to have had appeal to the Renaissance imagination in part because the portrait reveals
4. a) the psychology of the sitter.
5. b) subtractive color mixing.
6. c) Neoplatonist influence.
7. d) perfect linear perspective.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

4. In The School of Athens, Raphael represents the two significant schools of philosophy, signified by the portrayal of what two figures in the center of the composition?
5. a) Plato and Aristotle
6. b) Christ and Michelangelo
7. c) Socrates and Euripides
8. d) Descartes and Hippocrates

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

5. In Hundreds of Birds Admiring the Peacocks painting by Yin Hong, from the late fifteenth to early sixteenth century, the peacock symbolizes
6. a) the Chinese emperor.
7. b) the non-Chinese invading army.
8. c) the reality inside the mind.
9. d) the dichotomy of the northern and southern schools of Chinese painting.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.2 Discuss some of the ways that the encounter with other cultures impacted the long-established artistic traditions of China and Japan, the Americas, and Africa.

Topic: The Era of Encounter

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

6. Gianlorenzo Bernini’s Ecstasy of St. Theresa, a centerpiece of a chapel in Rome, exemplifies what characteristic of the Baroque style?
7. a) It brings together various media, such as marble, bronze, and the natural light from a window, to achieve theatrical effects.
8. b) It uses naturalistic imagery of ordinary people in dark, dingy surroundings.
9. c) It was a work commissioned by the pope.
10. d) It represents the exploration of nature by setting the scene in an extensive landscape.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.4 Define the Baroque as it manifests itself in both art and architecture.

Topic: The Baroque

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

7. The style of The Burial of Count Orgaz is highly eclectic and individual. Which artist painted it?
8. a) El Greco
9. b) Michelangelo
10. c) Bronzino
11. d) Albrecht Dürer

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.3 Describe how the Mannerist style is different from that of the High Renaissance.

Topic: The Mannerist Style in Europe

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

8. Which of the following is an example of High Renaissance painting?
9. a) Raphael’s The School of Athens
10. b) The Limbourg Brothers’ October
11. c) Masaccio’s The Tribute Money
12. d) Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

9. What characteristic of Caravaggio’s style is seen in his painting of The Calling of St. Matthew?
10. a) the naturalistic depiction of ordinary people and dingy, commonplace settings
11. b) the depiction of deep panoramic space
12. c) the use of ancient models derived from Roman sculpture
13. d) the use of multiple media to achieve theatrical effects

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.4 Define the Baroque as it manifests itself in both art and architecture.

Topic: The Baroque

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

10. The Baroque can be characterized as
11. a) seventeenth-century theatrical compositions rendered in very high contrast.
12. b) highly didactic Christian art.
13. c) developing in the fifteenth century and promoting the ideas and aesthetics of Classical antiquity.
14. d) developing in eighteenth-century France and promoting civic responsibility and sacrifice.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.4 Define the Baroque as it manifests itself in both art and architecture.

Topic: The Baroque

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

11.Who was Coatlicue?

1. a) the Aztec goddess of life and death
2. b) a Mayan king
3. c) the Dominican priest who wrote a history of New Spain
4. d) an African warrior

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.2 Discuss some of the ways that the encounter with other cultures impacted the long-established artistic traditions of China and Japan, the Americas, and Africa.

Topic: The Era of Encounter

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

12. The Limbourg Brothers’ manuscript Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry signified the return of what, lost in art since antiquity?
13. a) humans casting shadows
14. b) chiaroscuro
15. c) human figures
16. d) images of architecture

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

13. Tintoretto’s The Miracle of the Slave uses a Mannerist style of space in
14. a) the sharply foreshortened St. Mark, who descends from above.
15. b) the composition defined by two parallel, expressive, sweeping curves.
16. c) the symmetrical arrangement of the crowd surrounding the saint.
17. d) a composition defined by a square and a triangle.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.3 Describe how the Mannerist style is different from that of the High Renaissance.

Topic: The Mannerist Style in Europe

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

14. Florence became a cultural center of the Renaissance, in large part due to
15. a) the Medici family.
16. b) the number of painters living there.
17. c) its location on a major shipping route.
18. d) the size of the city.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

15. What sets northern European artists apart from most other artists of the Italian Renaissance is
16. a) their interest in rendering material surfaces and textures in realistic detail.
17. b) the size and scale of their paintings.
18. c) their denial of aerial or scientific perspective.
19. d) their portraiture.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

16. Michelangelo’s painting for the Sistine Chapel, The Last Judgment, typifies a style that came to be known as
17. a) Mannerism.
18. b) Expressionism.
19. c) Northern painting.
20. d) Baroque.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.3 Describe how the Mannerist style is different from that of the High Renaissance.

Topic: The Mannerist Style in Europe

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

17. Early Renaissance architect Brunelleschi is best known for
18. a) developing linear perspective and designing the dome over the huge crossing of Florence Cathedral.
19. b) introducing complex narrative into painting and indicating a single, fixed light source that increased the overall naturalism of his compositions.
20. c) reviving sculpture in-the-round and reintroducing the nude figure.
21. d) designing the nave and façade of Saint Peter’s.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

18. The three major artists of the Italian High Renaissance were
19. a) Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.
20. b) Brunelleschi, Donatelli, and Masaccio.
21. c) Robert Campin, Roger van der Weyden, and the Limbourg Brothers.
22. d) Bronzino, El Greco, and Piero della Francesca

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

 

 

19. Michelangelo is considered a Mannerist and High Renaissance artist. What is it about his paintings that characterize the Mannerist style?
20. a) his turbulent compositions
21. b) his calm, balanced compositions
22. c) his use of mythological themes
23. d) the didactic nature of his paintings

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.3 Describe how the Mannerist style is different from that of the High Renaissance.

Topic: The Mannerist Style in Europe

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

20. The bronze David by the early Renaissance artist Donatello revives what form not found since Classical antiquity?
21. a) the life-size nude sculpture
22. b) linear perspective
23. c) paintings with complex narratives
24. d) mythological themes

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

21. The term “Mannerism” describes a style that
22. a) was individualistic and consciously artificial.
23. b) was concerned with stability and serenity.
24. c) employed strong contrasts between light and shadow.
25. d) employed oil paint for highly realistic textures.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.3 Describe how the Mannerist style is different from that of the High Renaissance.

Topic: The Mannerist Style in Europe

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

 

 

22. One example of Baroque architecture is the facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, which was designed by
23. a) Francesco Borromini.
24. b) Gianlorenzo Bernini.
25. c) Annibale Carracci.
26. d) Leonardo da Vinci.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.4 Define the Baroque as it manifests itself in both art and architecture.

Topic: The Baroque

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

23. The emergence of the Baroque style in Italy around 1600 was due in part to the papacy’s response to
24. a) Protestantism.
25. b) the Black Plague.
26. c) Mannerism.
27. d) Neoplatonism.

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.4 Define the Baroque as it manifests itself in both art and architecture.

Topic: The Baroque

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

24. What characteristics of Rogier van der Weyden’s style are seen in his painting The Deposition?
25. a) the depiction of pathos and emotion in a composition constructed with sweeping curves
26. b) serenity and stability in a composition dominated by rectangles and squares
27. c) the use of a deep landscape and large sky for a religious scene
28. d) the use of distorted, shallow space and elongated figures

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

25. How did Rembrandt become familiar with Caravaggio’s use of light and shadow?
26. a) through Dutch artists who had studied it
27. b) by seeing the artist’s paintings in Rome
28. c) by meeting with Caravaggio in Amsterdam
29. d) by purchasing Caravaggio’s paintings at auction

Answer:

Learning Objective: 18.4 Define the Baroque as it manifests itself in both art and architecture.

Topic: The Baroque

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

Short Answer and Essay Questions

 

26. After conquering Peru, the Spanish built a church and monastery on the foundations of an Inca structure. What was that structure, and why did they build on it?

Answer: They built on the foundations of the Inca Temple of the Sun, where the Incas gathered to worship their sun god. By building a church over it, the Spanish emphasized Christian control of the native site.

Learning Objective: 18.2 Discuss some of the ways that the encounter with other cultures impacted the long-established artistic traditions of China and Japan, the Americas, and Africa.

Topic: The Era of Encounter

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

27. Filippo Brunelleschi is credited with having developed a particular artistic tool. What was that tool, and what did he study in developing the tool?

Answer: Brunelleschi developed the system of geometric, linear perspective, probably after studying the ruins of ancient Rome.

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Easy

Skill Level: Remember the Facts

 

 

 

 

28. Fifteenth-century northern European painters employed a new painting medium. What was it and what were its benefits?

Answer: The northern European artists used oil paint, with which they could achieve brilliant effects of light, as opposed to the matte effects of tempera and fresco, and could depict effects of material reality.

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

29. How does Giorgione’s painting The Tempest characterize Renaissance art in Venice?

Answer: The painting employs sensual color and light in its soft, luminous landscape, and its subject is mysterious.

Learning Objective: 18.1 Explain how humanism informs the art of both the Early and High Renaissance.

Topic: The Renaissance

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

30. Dong Qichang wrote an essay that divided the history of Chinese painting into two schools. Name the schools and the characteristics of each.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. The two schools are called the northern and southern schools, although the spirit of the work, not geography, determined an artist’s school.
2. The northern school is conservative and traditional in approach.
3. The northern school is a refined and decorative in a style that emphasizes technical skill, rich color, and reliance on traditional Chinese painting.
4. The southern style is unorthodox and inventive, concerned with the mind rather than with physical reality.

Learning Objective: 18.2 Discuss some of the ways that the encounter with other cultures impacted the long-established artistic traditions of China and Japan, the Americas, and Africa.

Topic: The Era of Encounter

Difficulty Level: Moderate

Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

 

 

 

 

31. How did “spirituality” find its way into nonreligious subject matter in Baroque painting? Cite one or two examples that support your answer.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. In the seventeenth century, works with secular subjects such as still lifes, genre scenes, and landscapes became popular.
2. In the North, where Protestant theology discouraged images of saints and of ancient subjects, such scenes were especially popular.
3. In some images, religious stories were dominated by a landscape setting as if the figures are incidental. An example is Annibale Carracci’s Landscape with Flight into Egypt, in which the religious scene takes place in a pastoral world, a middle ground between civilization and wilderness.
4. Landscapes such as Jacob van Ruisdael’s View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen present the sweeping landscape, sky, and light as evidence of divine handiwork. The spiritual is now found in nature, not exclusively in a church.

Learning Objective: 18.4 Define the Baroque as it manifests itself in both art and architecture.

Topic: The Baroque

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

32. Describe the characteristics of Mannerism as found in Bronzino’s An Allegory with Venus and Cupid.

Answer: The ideal answer should include:

1. Mannerism is a consciously artificial style. In Bronzino’s painting, the figures are elongated and distorted.
2. The large figures are placed in a too-shallow space.
3. Ambiguous space and distortion is seen, for instance, in the distance separating Cupid’s shoulders and head.
4. Colors are bright and clashing.

Learning Objective: 18.3 Describe how the Mannerist style is different from that of the High Renaissance.

Topic: The Mannerist Style in Europe

Difficulty Level: Difficult

Skill Level: Apply What You Know and Analyze It

 

 

 

 

 

maria.kolber